Political Argumentation: The Cogency of the ‘Hillary is Worse’ Defense

The Trump phenomenon provides excellent fodder for the study of political reasoning. Herewith, some thoughts on the cogency of the 'Hillary is Worse' defense for voting for Trump. I'll start with some assumptions.

A1. We are conservatives.

A2. It is Trump versus Hillary in the general: Sanders will not get the Democrat Party nod, nor will there be a conservative third-party candidate. (To be be blunt, Bill Kristol's ruminations on the latter possibility strike me as delusional.)

A3. Donald Trump is a deeply-flawed candidate who in more normal circumstances could not be considered fit for the presidency.

A4. Hillary Clinton is at least as deeply-flawed, character-wise, as Trump but also a disaster policy-wise: she will continue and augment the destructive leftist tendencies of Barack Hussein Obama. Hillary, then, is worse than Trump. For while Trump is in some ways not conservative, it is likely he will actually get some conservative things done, unlike the typical Republican who will talk endlessly about illegal immigration, etc., but never actually accomplish anything conservative.

With ordinary Republicans it is always only talk, followed by concession after concession. They lack courage, they love their power and perquisites, and they do not understand that we are in the age of post-consensus politics, an age in which politics is more like war than like gentlemanly debate on the common ground of shared principles.

My Challenge to the NeverTrump Crowd

To quote from an earlier entry:

In this age of post-consensus politics we need fighters not gentlemen. We need people who will use the Left's Alinskyite tactics against them. Civility is for the civil, not for destructive leftists who will employ any means to their end of a "fundamental transformation of America." For 'fundamental transformation' read: destruction.

It's a war, and no war is civil, especially not a civil war. To prosecute a war you need warriors. Trump is all we have. Time to face reality, you so-called conservatives. Time to man up, come clean, and get behind the 'presumptive nominee.'

Don't write another article telling us what a sorry specimen he is. We already know that. We are a nation in decline and our choices are lousy ones. Hillary is worse, far worse.

Consider just three issues: The Supreme Court, gun rights, and the southern border. We know where Hillary stands. We also know where Trump stands. Suppose he accomplishes only one thing: he nominates conservatives for SCOTUS. (You are aware, of course, that he has gone to the trouble of compiling a list of conservative candidates. That is a good indication that he is serious.) The appointment of even one conservative would retroactively justify your support for him over the destructive and crooked Hillary.

[. . .]

The alternative [to voting for Trump] is to aid and abet Hillary.

Are you a conservative or a quisling?

Charles Murray's Challenge to People Like Me

The False Priests are the columnists, media pundits, public intellectuals, and politicians who have presented themselves as principled conservatives or libertarians but now have announced they will vote for a man who, by multiple measures, represents the opposite of the beliefs they have been espousing throughout their careers. We’ve already heard you say “Hillary is even worse.” Tell us, please, without using the words “Hillary Clinton” even once, your assessment of Donald Trump, using as a template your published or broadcast positions about right policy and requisite character for a president of the United States. Put yourself on the record: Are you voting for a man whom your principles require you to despise, or have you modified your principles? In what ways were you wrong before? We require explanation beyond “Hillary is even worse.”

Now one thing that is unclear is whether Murray would accept (A4), in particular, the bit about Hillary being worse. He doesn't clearly state that they are equally bad. He says, "I am saying that Clinton may be unfit to be president, but she’s unfit within normal parameters. Donald Trump is unfit outside normal parameters." Unfortunately, it is not clear what this comes to; Murray promises a book on the topic.

Well, if you think Trump and Hillary are equally bad, then you reject (A4) and we have a different discussion. So let me now evaluate the above Murray quotation on the assumption that (A4) is true.

The Underlying Issue: Principles Versus Pragmatism

It is good to be principled, but not good to be doctrinaire. At what point do the principled become doctrinaire? It's not clear! Some say that principles are like farts: one holds on to them as long as possible, but 'in the end' one lets them go. The kernel of truth in this crude saying is that in the collision of principles with the data of experience sometimes principles need to be modified or set aside for a time. One must consider changing circumstances and the particularities of the precise situation one is in. In fact, attention to empirical details and conceptually recalcitrant facts is a deeply conservative attitude.

For example, would I support Trump if he were running against Joe Lieberman? No, I would support Lieberman. There are any number of moderate or 'conservative' Democrats that I would support over Trump. But the vile and destructive Hillary is the candidate to beat! And only Trump can do the dirty job. This is the exact situation we are in. If you are a doctrinaire conservative, say a neocon like Bill Kristol, then, holding fast to all of your principles — and being held fast by them in turn — you will deduce therefrom the refusal to support either Trump or Hillary. Like Kristol you may sally forth on a quixotic quest for a third conservative candidate. Just as one can be muscle-bound to the detriment of flexible and free movement, one can be principle-bound to the detriment of dealing correctly and flexibly with reality as it presents itself here and now in all its recalcitrant and gnarly details.

Conclusion: The 'Hillary is Worse' Defense is Cogent

Part of being a conservative is being skeptical about high-flying principles. Our system is the best the world has seen and it works for us. It has made us the greatest nation on the face of the earth — which is why almost everyone wants to come here, and why we need walls to keep them out while commie shit holes like East Germany needed walls to keep them in. (The intelligent, industrious Germans were kept in poverty and misery by a political system when their countrymen to the west prospered and enjoyed the fabled Wirtschaftswunder. Think about that!) But from the fact that our system works for us, it does not follow that it will work for backward Muslims riven by ancient tribal hatreds and infected with a violent, inferior religion. The neocon principle of nation-building collides with gnarly reality and needs adjustment.

Murray's point seems to be that no principled conservative could possibly vote for Trump, and this regardless of how bad Hillary is. His reasoning is based on a false assumption, namely, that blind adherence to principles is to be preferred to the truly conservative attitude of adjusting principles to reality. Murray's view is a foolish one: he is prepared to see the country further led down the path to "fundamental transformation," i.e., destruction, as long as his precious principles remain unsullied.

Our behavior ought to be guided by principles; but that is not to say that it ought to be dictated by them.

Rather than say that principles are like farts as my old colleague Xavier Monasterio used to say, I will try this comparison: principles are like your lunch; keep it down if you can, but if it makes you sick, heave it up.

Posted

May 27, 2016

Aporetics, Logica Utens, Politics, Reason and Rationality, Social and Political Philosophy

Bill Vallicella

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14 responses to “Political Argumentation: The Cogency of the ‘Hillary is Worse’ Defense”

Anonymous

May 28, 2016

Good post, Bill. While I still don’t really understand your aversion to Trump, I agree very much with your criticism of this obsession with “principles”. I think that many of the “principles” that American conservatives have endlessly regurgitated in articles and other media are either misguided, ineffective, or even antithetical to the ends that they, or most people who call themselves “conservatives”, are truly seeking. The Trump phenomenon is pushing this tension to the surface. There seems to be opportunities for political realignment and new conversations about what we should be trying to accomplish with government and politics.

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BV

May 28, 2016

Thanks, Anon.
Honestly, I don’t understand your not understanding my aversion to Trump. Since you are a philosopher, I may reach you with this example. When the Paris-to-Cairo flight went down recently, Trump right away asserted that it is 100% certain that terrorism was the cause. Now that sort of irresponsible use of language should offend a philosopher and indeed anyone who values truth. Here is one of those cases where W. K. Clifford’s principle applies: “It is wrong always and every to believe anything on insufficient evidence.” Trump had no good evidence for his assertion, but that didn’t stop him from shooting his mouth off. That sort of bluster and bullshitting is what Obama does. A while back he said something like: 97% per cent of Muslims disapprove of terrorism, which is provably false. But truth doesn’t matter to the bullshit prez; he’ll say anything he can get away with that fits his agenda.
Both Obama and Trump are bullshitters (in Harry Frankfurt’s sense) and both are POMO in that truth is not a value for them.
You and Jacques come across as blind partisans. I don’t understand that given that you are both intelligent and caoable of thinking objectively.

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BV

May 28, 2016

>>I think that many of the “principles” that American conservatives have endlessly regurgitated in articles and other media are either misguided, ineffective, or even antithetical to the ends that they, or most people who call themselves “conservatives”, are truly seeking.<< Here we will agree, though I would like to see some examples. Teaching backward peoples how to live is a neocon principle that has little to do with conservatism of an older sort.

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Kurt

May 28, 2016

I understand the aversion to Trump the person. He is everything you say he is. His crude character is not what we expect from a conservative candidate, but when so called conservatives say they can’t vote for Trump because they can’t abandon conservative principles, these principles are never spelled out. Is Trump’s tax plan not conservative? Is his immigration policy not conservative? Is a foreign policy that puts American interest first not conservative? Is his list of SCOTUS judges not conservative? Is his promise to repeal Obamacare not conservative? Since it’s never explained what about his proposed policies are not conservative, could it be that we have a different understanding of conservatism? (you kind of touched this on your Will the ‘True Conservative’ Please Stand Up? post).
I don’t comment much, but I’ve been reading your blog everyday for years.

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BV

May 28, 2016

Thanks for reading, Kurt.
We basically agree. Trump is conservative on the points you mention.
Even if he is not conservative on some issues, he is more likely to act on the ones he is conservative on — unlike the usual Republicans who specialize in mere talk and compromise.

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Jacques

May 28, 2016

Bill,
I would like you to back up your claim that Anon and I “come across as blind partisans” on this point. You’ve now said this a few times. Trump has some flaws. Yes he’s kind of rude and vulgar. Yes he sometimes engages in “irresponsible use of language [that] should offend a philosopher” and sometimes he says things that are false or bullshit. I’ve never denied any of that. So does it make me a “blind partisan” that I just don’t care much about these flaws given that Trump — alone among every mainstream political figure in America — is speaking all kinds of important truths and standing up for millions of ordinary people who haven’t had a voice for decades? What is the relevant fact I’m overlooking here?
Trump is conservative about the ur-issues or meta-issues without which no other kind of ‘conservatism’ matters. Unlike ‘neoconservatives’ like Kristol, who are really just elite war-mongers and globalists, Trump wishes to conserve _America_ as a concrete nation and culture and people. No one else was even willing to discuss that idea in mainstream politics and media until he made it discussable. How could you seriously prefer Joe Lieberman, for heaven’s sake, if that was the choice? Would Joe Lieberman be advocating for a ban on Muslim immigration or a wall with Mexico? Would he be pointing out that Muslims have ruined Belgium and bravely stating that he will not allow that to happen to America? If Trump did even one or two of the things he’s said he’d do, or if he just approximated one or two of those things, he’d have done more for the cause of true conservatism in America than any political figure in decades. It seems so weird to me that you view a Trump presidency as some kind of regrettable lesser-of-two-evils when it would almost certainly be the first time in many decades that genuinely _conservative_ values might be put into practice in America.

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Anonymous

May 28, 2016

I guess it’s the emphasis that you put on Trump’s shortcoming that I find puzzling. Of course he’s a liar and a misleader, just like every other high level politician. Of course his reasoning doesn’t withstand serious philosophical scrutiny, just like the reasoning of other politician’s doesn’t. But in the context of American democratic politics, which is far less than ideal, Trump is not only a good candidate, but is the best and most effective candidate to emerge in a very long time. He is destroying the left’s stranglehold on political discourse and has, in the course of the campaign, singlehandedly shifted the Overton window more than armies of pundits and think tanks have been able or willing to over the course of many years. The traditional American nation is hanging by a thread. All the major cultural institutions – the media, entertainment, and academia – are cesspools of leftism and there has been no viable or effective political opposition. But fortunately, amazingly, a charismatic, rich person comes along willing to fund his own campaign and successfully fight against the tides.
From all the excellent writing that you’ve done exposing the left on your blog, it genuinely puzzles me when you say things like this:
“For example, would I support Trump if he were running against Joe Lieberman? No, I would support Lieberman.”
I can only start to think that you don’t agree with me about the extent of the cultural and political rot that has taken hold. Because Joe Lieberman is most certainly not a person who is going to do anything effective in fighting that. He would be more of the same, perhaps with very slight modifications. What we desperately need is someone who doesn’t care about the destructive, suicidal, and insane precedents and decorum that American politicians, including “conservatives”, have accepted for far too long.

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Whitewall

May 29, 2016

“What we desperately need is someone who doesn’t care about the destructive, suicidal, and insane precedents and decorum that American politicians, including “conservatives”, have accepted for far too long.”
Agreed. If a Trump presidency can crack these egg shell veneers of Leftism and all their PC defense mechanisms, maybe the actual people in America who are democrats can have a voice in reclaiming their country along with the rest of us. Democrats who are not libs, or progressives or the like still exist outside of large cities. They have been quiet for too long.

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PaoloP

May 29, 2016

Hello, I am Italian so I’m not directly implicated in your presidential elections but, of course, you understand that I care because the result of such an event has huge political and cultural impacts everywhere.
I strongly fear the case where Clinton prevails, since that would mean at least four more years of elitist radical politics – something we have to resist with all our strength. The damage would be a deeply cultural
one, and a long lasting one; I would say a spiritual damage, because her milieu is spiritually corrupted. Given the very similar attitude reigning in the European political class, I dread a toxic alliance controlling all the western world.
Trump appears to be a coarse and illiterate man, but he’s no ideologist: the damage he could do is really superficial. The hate he induces in so many is partially an aesthetic one: he is not an elegant man and this is often perceived as unfit for a public person; many conservatives are a little snob,as well, and don’t want to loose their place in the good society. For sure, if he wins we have to expect the most extreme and irrational reactions – and much of the press will excuse all of that.
Murray’s position is a contemporary bourgeois’s one. He seems to be fearing more a fall of style than the demise of society. There’s also a political fallacy I see in his position: he appears to believe that, if you vote for Trump, you are in fact electing him as the model of conservative life. This is not certainly the case and is quite a posh attitude: let the left-wingers confuse politics and religion.

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BV

May 29, 2016

Welcome, Paolo.
Your comments are excellent. Yes, the damage that Clinton has caused and will cause if elected is as you say “spiritual damage.” The worst damage the Left causes is spiritual, not economic.
You are right that Trump he is not an ideologue; he is too much the pragmatist and opportunist for that. He is not as interested in promoting a cause as he is in promoting himself. He betrayed this attitude of his in a recent interview with Megyn Kelly. (This is the reporter he had earlier viciously attacked for doing her job, making references to her menstrual blood, an attack wholly unprovoked.) She asked him whether it will all have been a waste if he fails to win the presidency. he said yes; it would a total waste of time, energy, and money. That speaks volumes about the man’s motives. So while Trump is not an ideologue, he is not exactly principled either.
To appreciate my point, compare Trump with Bernie Sanders. He knows that he has little or no chance of receiving the Democrat nomination, but he fights on in large part because he really believes in his cause. His campaign is primarily about the socialist idea, not about him.
Bernie is principled — it is just that he has the wrong principles.
Paolo, I like your final paragraph as well. Many of the members of the ‘bow tie brigade’ are more interested in preserving their posh lifestyles and in preserving the country.

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PaoloP

May 29, 2016

Thank you, you’ve been really kind answering my simple comment. I will keep your dear country in my prayers.

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BV

May 29, 2016

Thanks, Paolo, we need prayers. These are dark times — but then, in this world, have there been times that were not dark?
Typo in my last sentence above. Should read: Many of the members of the ‘bow tie brigade’ are more interested in preserving their posh lifestyles THAN in preserving their country.

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BV

May 29, 2016

Jacques,
>>What is the relevant fact I’m overlooking here?<< One such fact is that the man displays bad judgment. Not good for someone potentially in control of the nuclear triad -- even if he doesn't know what it is. Some of his vicious attacks on people (e.g., Carly Fiorian, Megyn Kelly) are wholly unnecessary and only hurt him. Foolish of him to alienate women voters when they represent half of the electorate. He could have made trenchant statements about illegal immigration and the advisability of a moratorium on Muslim immigration without doing it in the unnecessary incendiary way he did it. I could go on, but I doubt it would make much impression on you. The right view, I think, is this: conservatives ought to unite behind him. He's awful, but Hillary is worse, and he's all we've got. It is a calculated risk entrusting the nation to him, but one worth taking. I just hope he picks wise advisors who can rein him in.

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Jacques

May 30, 2016

Is there evidence that Trump ‘alienated’ half of the electorate’? He seems to be doing just fine with women. But in any case the issue here is not whether he is flawed; as you keep saying, it’s about how he compares with other realistically possible candidates. Every other ‘conservative’ judges that open borders and pointless wars are just fine. This has been a disaster for the nation and, as we are now seeing, it doesn’t even help them to win votes. Others are silent on the issues that matter most or else they side with the left. So how can it be that all things considered his judgement is worse than Romney’s or Lieberman’s — let alone so much worse that he is ‘awful’ but they aren’t? The only real differences are that (a) he is often more rude and vulgar, and (b) he raises vitally important points that they suppress (though, yes, he could often be more clear and careful in his statements). In the circumstances I just don’t see how this makes him awful. On the contrary, it makes him great — all things considered, relative to the truly miserable, ineffective and basically treasonous character of the other ‘conservatives’. This is not blind support. I don’t like some of his statements on bombing ISIS, for example. But I’m very pleased that someone is saying what needs saying; any other realistically possible candidate would say nothing at all.

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