Footnotes to Plato from the foothills of the Superstition Mountains

Captain of My Soul but not Master of my Fate

William Ernest Henley's Invictus ends as follows:

It matters not how strait the gate,
How charged with punishments the scroll.
I am the master of my fate:
I am the captain of my soul.      

Half-right, say I.  I am the captain of the ship of soul, my soul; I control rudder and sails and chart my course.  But I am not the master of the sea or the wind or the monsters of the deep or the visibility of the stars by which I steer, or the stars themselves. 

Nor am I the master of that which I control, my soul.  That I am a soul is beyond my control.

And so my captaincy, sovereign in its own domain, and undeniable there, is bound round and denied by conditions and contingencies beyond my control. 

I am not the master of my fate; at most I am the master of my attitude to it. 


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