On Islam and Toleration (Peter Lupu)

In his post titled A Mosque Grows near Brooklyn Bill made the following statement:

“Muslims aren't very 'liberal,' are they?    They are intolerant in their attitudes and their behavior. Now the touchstone of classical liberalism is toleration.  Toleration is good, but it has limits.  (See the posts in the category Toleration.)  So why should we tolerate them when they work to undermine our way of life?  The U. S. Constitution is not a suicide pact.  We are under no obligation to tolerate the intolerant.”

This statement in turn provoked the following critical commentary by Prof.  Richard Hennessey:

Now I personally know a number of Muslims. I can assure you that at least one of them is very liberal, at least one of them is tolerant in attitudes and behavior, and at least one of them is not working to “undermine our way of life.” The three universal statements that I see staring out at us from the quoted paragraph are all then false, as even the most rudimentary acquaintance with old Aristotle’s logic and its “square of opposition” would have you see.

 I have no doubt that Prof. Hennessey knows at least one liberal Muslim, at least one tolerant Muslim, and at least one Muslim who is not intent on undermining the American way of life. So it seems that Prof. Hennessey conclusively refuted Bill’s statement. Did he?

 Let us distinguish between four categories of what the term ‘Muslim’ or ‘Islam’ might mean:

(a) ‘Muslim’ or ‘Islam’ might refer to a *religion* just like ‘Christianity’, ‘Judaism’, ‘Buddhism’, etc;

(Peter is of course aware that the noun 'Muslim' cannot be used to refer to the religion, Islam; his point is that 'Muslim' as an adjective in 'Muslim religion' can used to refer to the religion, Islam.)

(b) ‘Muslim’ or ‘Islam’ might refer to a *class of people* whose heritage is Islam or adopted Islam as their religion;

(c) ‘Muslim’ or ‘Islam’ might refer to *Islamism*, a radical form of Islam that declared a war on Western Culture;

(d) ‘Muslim’ or ‘Islam’ might refer to a country that has Islam as its official religion.

We are now in the position to evaluate Bill’s claim and Prof. Hennessey’s critical comments as quoted above relative to each of the above categories. Clearly, Prof. Hennessey is right when Bill’s claim is evaluated relative to category (b). But then again no one who reads Bill’s post thinks that he meant to say that every person whose heritage is Islam or adopted this religion is intolerant, anti-liberal, and intent to undermine Western Culture (See Bill’s reply in his Addendum and Corrigendum (7/22). Nevertheless, Prof. Hennessey scores one run here.

What about Bill’s statement interpreted in light of category (a)? One way of so doing is asking the following question: Does Islam as a religion promote the values of liberalism, toleration, and the Western way of life? I challenge Prof. Hennessey to answer this question. So far as I know, Islam as a religion does not promote any of these values. So at least in the eyes of this umpire Bill scores one run here. Thus far, the score is tied one to one.

When it comes to (c), the verdict is fairly clear: I doubt that anyone, including Prof. Hennessey, would challenge the notion that Islamism or Muslim Extremists abhor liberalism, toleration, and the Western way of life. So, what about (d)? Once again I think it is fairly clear that in most Muslim countries there is very little tolerance of other religions and certainly it is prohibited and dangerous to promote alternative religions. Moreover, most of the countries that have Islam as their official religion are anti-liberal and do not tolerate very well the Western way of life. At least this is so for the last ten or so years.

So it seems that Bill is right on three counts, whereas Prof. Hennessey is right on one count. Final score: three to one in favor of Bill, unless Prof. Hennessey wishes to challenge this umpire's score card. I invite him to do so.

A Mosque Grows Near Brooklyn

Here.  Where is the money coming from?

Sarah Palin calls the building of this mosque an "unnecessary provocation."  As opposed to what, a necessary provocation?  But don't let Palin's infelicitous language distract you from the serious point she is making.  It is indeed  a  provocation, and the Islamists are testing us to see how far they can go and to see how weak and supine we are.  Will New Yorkers, sophisticated liberal fools that  many of them are, put up with this abomination a couple of blocks away from where their fellow citizens died horrible deaths because of a terrorist attack fueled by Islamist ideology?

The fact that the building of this mosque will be perceived as a provocation by a majority is sufficient reason to block its construction.  How can its construction do anything to improve relations between decent Muslims and the rest of us?

The first clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the "free exercise" of religion.  True.  But is Islam a religion?  You will say, "of course!"  But perhaps you should be a bit more thoughtful.  Islam is a political ideology as much as it is a religion, and in this respect it is unlike Buddhism, or Christianity, or Judaism.  I have never heard any Jew call for the destruction of any Islamic state.  Muslims, however, routinely call for the destruction of the Jewish state.  When I lived in Turkey in the mid-nineties I was warned that preaching Christianity there could get one thrown in prison — not that I was about to do any such thing.  And Turkey in those days was a relatively 'enlightened' country compared to the rest of the non-Jewish Middle East. 

Muslims aren't very 'liberal,' are they?    They are intolerant in their attitudes and their behavior.  Now the touchstone of classical liberalism is toleration.  Toleration is good, but it has limits.  (See the posts in the category Toleration.)  So why should we tolerate them when they work to undermine our way of life?  The U. S. Constitution is not a suicide pact.  We are under no obligation to tolerate the intolerant. 

I said above that Islam is as much a political ideology as a religion. That is reflected in the fact that they have nothing like our church-state separation.  And please note that church-state separation has a good foundation in the New Testament at Matthew 22: 21: "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and to God the the things that are God's."  Please point me to the Koranic verse that enshrines the same idea.

Apologists say that Islam is a religion of peace.  Now 'peace' may be one of the meanings of Islam, but its dominant meaning is 'submission to the will of Allah as revealed to the propher Muhammad in the Koran.'  Let us also not forget that Muhammad was a warrior.  Was Jesus a warrior?  Buddha?  A religion founded by a warrior.  An interesting concept, that.  Somehow, I am more drawn to a religion whose founder says, "He who lives by the sword shall die by the sword."

So here is something to think about. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion.  But to apply the Amendment, one must raise and answer the logically prior question, What is a religion?    I rather doubt that the Founders had Islam in mind when they ensured the right to the free exercise of religion.  So we need to ask the question whether Islam counts as a religion in a sufficiently robust sense of the term to justify affording it full First Amendment protection.  To the extent that Muslims work to infiltrate and overturn our institutions and way of life, to the extent that they violate church-state separation, to the extent that they demand special privileges and refuse to assimilate, to that extent they remove  themselves from any right to First Amendment protection.

Addendum and Corrigendum (7/22)

I made a mistake in the last paragraph that I will now correct.  Although the sentence "I rather doubt that the Founders had Islam in mind when they ensured the right to the free exercise of religion" was true when I wrote it, expressing as it did a fact about my mental state, I now see that it is simply false that the Founders did not have Islam in mind.  See The Founding Fathers and Islam.  I thank Mark Whitten for the correction. 

But I do not retract my main point, which is that we ought to give careful thought to the question whether, as I put it above, "Islam counts as a religion in a sufficiently robust sense of the term to justify affording it full First Amendment protection. "  I am raising this as a question.  So-called liberals, however, being politically correct and therefore opposed to truly open discussion, will no doubt haul out their list of abusive epithets: racist, xenophobe, Islamophobe . . . .

I should point out that 'Islamophobe,' a term employed by the benighted Karen Armstrong, the renegade nun, is a particularly silly expression that only a liberal could love.  A phobia is an irrational fear.  If you use the word in any other way you are misusing it.  Fear of militant Islam is a rational fear.  One would hope that Armstrong, a Brit, would have a better grip on the English language.  These' -phobe' constructions are a dead giveaway that one is dealing with a PC liberal.  Take 'homophobia.'  Those who oppose homosexual practices neither fear it nor fear it irrationally.  Some have arguments against it.  In this case, then, the construction is doubly idiotic.  As for 'xenophobe,' that is a real word of English, but our benighted liberal pals seem not to know what it means.  It means 'irrational fear of foreigners.'  It does not mean 'someone who combats liberal-left nonsense.'  As one who has travelled the world and has lived for extended periods in Austria, Germany, and Turkey, I am hardly one who could be called a xenophobe.  Someone who opposes the infiltration of  his country by militant Muslims is not a xenophobe:  his fear is rational and it is directed not at Muslims qua Muslims but at Muslims qua militant subversives.

Over at Gnosis and Noesis, Professor Richard Hennessey rather pedantically and uncharitably picks at my "Muslims aren't very 'liberal,' are they?"  Do I mean that no Muslim is liberal?  Of course not.  A universal proposition can be refuted by a single counterexample.  (And it is worth noting en passant that a necessary universal proposition can be refuted by a single merely possible counterexample.)  Since it is obviously false that no Muslim is liberal, it is uncharitable to take my sentence as expressing that proposition.

One cannot assume that a sentence of the form Fs are Gs is always elliptical for a sentence of the form All Fs are Gs, or that a sentence of the form Fs are not Gs is always elliptical for a sentence of the form No Fs are Gs.  For example, 'Old people go to bed early' would not naturally be taken to mean that all old people go to bed early, which is plainly false, but that most do, or that old people tend to go to be early, or something similar.

Professor Hennessey seems also to be ignoring the context of my remarks, which is the construction of  mega-mosque near Ground Zero.  That, I submit, is an outrageous  provocation, a bit like building a Japanese  Shinto shrine in close proximity to the U.S.S. Arizona. (See here.)  I don't see how any rational person can fail to see that or fail to see that such a project cannot possibly bring together moderate Muslims and the rest of us.  And so it is reasonable to interpret the project as an initiative on the part of militant Muslims to take advantage of our tolerance and naivete in order to spread their religion and culture whose values are antithetic both to the Judeo-Christian tradition and to our Enlightenment values.

So that is the context in which a sentence like "They are intolerant in their attitudes and their behavior" is to be read.  The 'they' refers to militant Muslims: Muhammad Atta and the boys,  their enablers and supporters, those who flog and stone to death adulterers, those who would would impose Sharia, the clitorectomists, the Muslim fathers who murder their own daughters for adopting Western ways.  Our constitution forbids "cruel and unusual punishment."  Perhaps Hennessey can point me to the passage in the Koran that does the same.  And then there are Muslim taxicab drivers who refuse to pick up blind people with seeing eye dogs because of some lunatic Muslim aversion to dogs.  Others won't transport a person who has an alcoholic beverage in a closed container. That sort of fanaticism has no place in America.  I could go on, but the point is clear.

Just at the threat to the West in the 20th century was Communism, the threat to the West in the 21st is radical Islam. Both are totalitarian and internationalist.  Both are extremely skillful in recruiting young fanatic followers.  In one way the threat posed by militant Islam is far more dangerous than that posed by the Commies.  The Commies, being atheists and materialists, had a good reason not to deploy their nukes.  Muslims have no such reason.  (And it seems clear that they will soon be getting nukes thanks to Obama the Appeaser.) They are eager to move on to their crude paradise wherein they will disport endlessly with black-eyed virgins and get to wallow in the sensuousness that is forbidden them here.

For more on this delightful topic, see my Islamism category.

Dissecting Leftism and Jihad Watch

Leftism and Islamism are the two main threats we face.  (Sorry, Al, your global warming is about as much a threat to us as your marital cooling.)  Both threats are totalitarian and  the threat is 'synergistic' inasmuch as leftists tolerate and enable militant Islam, which is obviously inimical to their modus vivendi, all the while displaying the most vicious intolerance of Christianity which is little or no threat to them.  I develop this theme in What Explains the Hard Left's Toleration of Militant Islam?

To help you think clearly about these important matters, I recommend Dissecting Leftism and Jihad Watch.

Helen Thomas Disgraces Herself

Good riddance to this superannuated leftist gasbag.  Former mayor of NYC, Ed Koch, delivers a just and fitting verdict:

Helen Thomas, 89, who is of Lebanese descent, claims to be a professional journalist. As such, she is subject to professional standards. Her statement that Jews should “get the hell out of Palestine” and go back to "Poland and Germany" is clear evidence that she is no longer in control of her emotions and cognitive powers and that she cannot carry out the impartial obligations of a journalist. She has disgraced herself.

Jews have lived in the area known in modern times as the British Mandate of Palestine, for thousands of years and up to the present time. Indeed, Israelite civilization goes back to the Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as well as to King David and King Solomon. We Jews spring from the loins of those patriarchs. The State of Israel sits where the Jewish Kingdoms of Judea and Israel reigned thousands of years ago.

Referring to the Israeli boarding of the Mavi Marmara, she spoke wildly of a “deliberate massacre, an international crime,” and said the U.S. response was “pitiful.” See here.  Thomas is  a fool of no consequence, but what is truly troubling is to observe leftist collaboration with Islamists.  An amazing phenomenon.  I take a stab at analysis in The Converse Callicles Principle: Weakness Does not Justify.

Addendum (8 June):  From Helen of Oy!:

Anti-Semitism: With the state of Israel facing an existential threat, journalism's grand dame advocates ethnic cleansing as a Mideast solution. Liberal intolerance has come out of the closet.

The "retirement" of Helen Thomas comes as no surprise. Neither did the remarks that prompted it. She's expressed such sentiments before, and her brethren in the White House press corps, which salivates over any politically incorrect utterance from the right, let her get away with it.

She got away with it for the same reason those on the left from Bill Maher to Keith Olbermann get away with similar over-the-top sentiments. It depends on whose political ox is being gored. Tea Partyers who oppose the policies of the first black president are racists. Genuine bigots on the left are celebrated. (emphasis added)

Once again the leftist double standard in action.

What Explains the Hard Left’s Toleration of Militant Islam?

From 1789 on, a defining characteristic of the Left has been hostility to religion, especially in its institutionalized forms. This goes together with a commitment to such Enlightenment values as individual liberty, belief in reason, and equality, including equality among the races and between the sexes. Thus the last thing one would expect from the Left is an alignment with militant Islam given the latter’s philosophically unsophisticated religiosity bordering on rank superstition, its totalitarian moralism, and its opposition to gender equality.

So why is the radical Left soft on militant Islam?  The values of the progressive creed are antithetic to those of the Islamists, and it is quite clear that if the Islamists got everything they wanted, namely, the imposition of Islamic law on the entire world, our dear progressives would soon find themselves headless. I don’t imagine that theylong to live under Sharia, where ‘getting stoned’ would have more than metaphorical meaning. So what explains this bizarre alignment?

Continue reading “What Explains the Hard Left’s Toleration of Militant Islam?”

Toleration and its Limits

Henry V. e-mails:

I have a question. Is there a technical philosophical term for the case when a principle, applied consistently, leads to its own negation? I have in mind the example of the principle of civic tolerance, that when consistently applied to groups such as Muslims who wish to see Sharia law instituted in the West, would lead to the destruction of tolerance. Many other examples can be found in contemporary politics.

This is a good question, Henry, and while I thank you for it, I am not sure of the answer, though 'fallacy of accident' is in the ball park as I explain below. You don't tell me what you mean by 'civic tolerance,' or how the principle of civic tolerance should read, and without a statement of the principle, it is hard to have a disciplined discussion. So let me extract a principle from the following UNESCO paragraph:

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The Danger of Appeasing the Intolerant

Should we tolerate the intolerant? Should we, in the words of Leszek Kolakowski,

. . . tolerate political or religious movements which are hostile to tolerance and seek to destroy all the mechanisms which protect it, totalitarian movements which aim to impose their own despotic regime? Such movements may not be dangerous as long as they are small; then they can be tolerated. But when they expand and increase in strength, they must be tolerated, for by then they are invincible, and in the end an entire society can fall victim to the worst sort of tyranny. Thus it is that unlimited tolerance turns against itself and destroys the conditions of its own existence. (Freedom, Fame, Lying, and Betrayal, p. 39.)

Continue reading “The Danger of Appeasing the Intolerant”

Political Correctness Can Be Deadly: The Case of Nidal Malik Hasan

A militant Muslim lets out with the jihadist battle cry Allahu Akbar! (God is great!), mows down 43 unarmed fellow soldiers, and liberals and leftists refuse to call him what he is, an Islamist terrorist.  The Left stands revealed in its moral cowardice and political correctness for all to see.  Charles Krauthammer's Explaining Away Mass Murder nails the essential. 

‘One Man’s Terrorist is Another Man’s Freedom Fighter’

Often and thoughtlessly repeated, 'One man's terrorist in another man's freedom fighter' is one of those sayings that cry out for logical and philosophical analysis. Competent analysis will show that clear-thinking persons ought to avoid the saying.

Note first that while freedom is an end, terror is a means. So to call a combatant a terrorist is to say something about his tactics, his means for achieving his ends, while to call a combatant a freedom fighter is to say nothing about his tactics or means for achieving his ends. It follows that one and the same combatant can be both a terrorist and a freedom fighter. For one and the same person can employ terror as his means while having freedom as his end.

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Postscript to The Real Culture War: The Schizoid Left in Cahoots with Islamists

A reader thinks I  was "too charitable" in The Real Culture War. I wrote:

But this minor culture war, as heated as it has become recently, is, despite its importance, as nothing compared to the major war between the West, with its Enlightenment values, and militant Islam.

The reader  responds:

Since the Enlightenment side of this culture war has taken sides with militant Islam, it can hardly be the case that our war with the Enlightenment is less serious than our war with militant Islam.

Speaking for myself, I don't consider myself at war with the Enlightenment, nor do I consider a sound conservatism to be anti-Enlightenment; what I oppose is the exaggeration and perversion of Enlightenment ideals by contemporary liberals and leftists. But the reader  has a point, and in an earlier post, I took a harder line. What follows is a slightly redacted version of part of that earlier post. I hope my reader  finds it sufficiently harsh:

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The Real Culture War

Please study the following photographs.  They depict adherents of the 'religion of peace' making such statements as: Behead those who insult Islam; Freedom go to hell; Be prepared for the real holocaust.

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Image002 

There is a sort of 'culture war' going on between liberals and conservatives in the West. But this minor culture war, as heated as it has become recently, is, despite its importance, as nothing compared to the major war between the West, with its Enlightenment values, and militant Islam. To put it roughly, we in the West are all or most of us liberals, classical liberals. The touchstone of classical liberalism is toleration, as I recall the famous CCNY philosopher Morris R. Cohen writing somewhere. Along the same lines, savor this admirable passage from Bryan Magee's Confessions of a Philosopher (Modern Library, 1999, p. 183):

Continue reading “The Real Culture War”